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ingested, in hopes that one day decrease the damage if swal- lowed. 14 There is also a push to establish a maximum size disc battery, which would decrease the likelihood of an ingested battery getting lodged in the esophagus. 8 Federal regulations in the United States have mandated that safety mechanisms must be placed on any item that con- tains batteries to prevent the release of batteries from these items by children. These regulations are reviewed by the US Consumer Product Safety Commission regularly by inspec- tion of any item that uses batteries. 15 As a result, product manufacturers are working to develop a better device design that would make it harder for children to open battery com- partments. After recommendations were made by the US Consumer Product Safety Commission, battery manufactur- ers made disc battery packaging using child resistant stan- dards, and standardized warning language on all labels. 16 A C K N O W L E D G E M E N T S We would like to thank Craig Egan, MD, FACS, FAAP; and Mark Molitor, MD, FACS; for their medical content contri- bution and literary mentorship. We also would like to thank Cheryl Gallaga, MSNEd, RN, CPON; Allison Richins, RN, MSN, CPEN; Barbara Pankratz, MSN, RN, CNOR; and Tony Smith, BSN, RN, CNOR; for all of their support and encour- agement. Also, thank you to the Phoenix Children’s Hospital Radiology department for allowing us to use their equipment to take the battery X-rays. A B O U T T H E A U T H O R S Karri Gaetz, CST, has been working as a Certified Surgical Technologist since 2009. She worked at Phoenix Children’s Hospital in Arizona for four years, and just recently took a job at University of Colorado Health in Denver. She enjoys scrubbing multiple pediatric specialties such as ENT, gen- eral, orthopedics, urology, plastic surgery, neurosurgery and ophthalmology. Kim Greenwald, RN, MSN, Med, CNOR, has worked in perioperative services for 35 years. She has worked in geriatric and adult perioperative environments in mul- tiple states before joining Phoenix Chil- dren’s Pediatric environment five years ago. She enjoys multispecialty service lines. R E F E R E N C E S 1. IEC 60086-3: Primary batteries — Part 3: Watch batteries. International Electrotechnical Commission, Geneva, (1995). (BS EN 60086-3:1996) 2. Mowry JB; Spyker DA; Cantilena Jr LR; McMillanN; FordM. 2013 Annual Report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers’ Nation- al Poison Data System (NPDS): 31st Annual Report. Clinical Toxicology. 2014: 52, 1032–1283. 3. Ginsberg GG; Pfau PR. Foreign Bodies, Bezoars, and Caustic Ingestions. Feldman M; Friedman LS; Brandt LJ; eds. Sleisenger & Fordtran’s Gastro- intestinal and Liver Disease: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Management 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier. Volume 1. 1-1198 2010: 25, 397-405. 4. Jones A. Caustic ingestion and foreign bodies: damage to the upper gas- trointestinal tract. Wyllie R; Hyams JS; eds. Gastrointestinal and Liver Dis- ease: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Management 3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier. 2006: 17, 262-273. 5. Kay M, Wyllie R. Foreign Bodies and Bezoars. Liacouras CA; Piccoli DA; eds. Pediatric Gastroenterology: The Requisites in Pediatrics, 1st ed. Phila- delphia, PA: Elsevier. 2008: 8, 64-73 6. Munter DW. Gastrointestinal Foreign Bodies. Medscape reference: Drugs, Diseases, & Procedures. February 21, 2014. http://emedicine.medscape. com/article/776566-overview 7. Hostetler MA. Gastrointestinal disorders. Marx JA; Hockberger RS; Walls, RM; eds. Marx: Rosen’s EmergencyMedicine-Concepts and Clinical Prac- tice. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders Elsevier; 2013: chap 172. 8. Fuentes S; Cano I; Benavent MI; Gómez A. Severe esophageal injuries caused by accidental button battery ingestion in children. J Emerg Trauma Shock. 2014: Oct-Dec; 7(4): 316–321. 9. Sugawa C; Ono H; TalebM; Lucas CE. Endoscopic management of foreign bodies in the upper gastrointestinal tract: A review. World J Gastrointest Endosc. 2014: Oct 16; 6(10): 475-481. 10. Litovitz T; Whitaker N; Clark L. Preventing battery ingestions: an analy- sis of 8648 cases. Pediatrics 2010: 125 (6): 1178-1185. Epub 2010 May 24. 11. Hamilton JM; Schraff SA; Notrica DM. Severe injuries from coin cell bat- tery ingestions: 2 case reports. J of Pediatr Surg. 2009 March; 44(3): 644– 647. 12. Kramer RE, et al. Management of Ingested Foreign Bodies in Children: A Clinical Report of the NASPGHAN Endoscopy Committee. In Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition. 2015; 60(4): 562-574. 13. Chalmers E. Button Battery Ingestion: An analysis of differences in injury severity outcomes between countries. Kidsafe ACT Incorporated. http:// www.kidsafe.com.au 14. Energizer Holdings Inc. Coin Lithium Battery Safety. 2000-2015. http:// www.energizer.com 15. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. Injuries from Batteries Among Children Aged <13 Years — United States, 1995–2010. August 31, 2012: 61(34);661-666. http:// www.cdc.gov 16. US Consumer Product Safety Commission. CPSC Joins International Effort to Prevent Button Battery-Related Injuries and Deaths. June 17, 2014. Release Number: 14-208. http://www.cpsc.gov 17. J Giacoppo. Earth 911. March 27, 2009. http://www.earth911.com MAY 2016 | The Surgical Technologist | 215