444

DECEMBER 2020 | The Surgical Technologist | 557 2. Hunter TM, Boytsov NN, Zhang X, Schroeder K, Michaud K, Araujo AB. Prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis in the United States adult population in healthcare claims databases, 2004- 2014. Rheumatol Int . 2017;37:1551-1557. 3. Silman AJ, Pearson JE. Epidemiology and genetics of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res . 2002;4(suppl 3):S265-S272. 4. Kawaguchi Y, Matsuno H, Kanamori M, Ishihara H, Ohmori K, Kimura T. Radiologic findings of the lumbar spine in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, and a review of pathologic mechanisms. J Spinal Disord Tech . 2003;16:38-43. 5. Ranawat CS, O’Leary P, Pellicci P, Tsairis P, Marchisello P, Dorr L. Cervical spine fusion in rheumatoid arthritis. J Bone Joint Surg Am . 1979;61:1003-1010. 6. Stein BE, Hassanzadeh H, Jain A, Lemma MA, Cohen DB, Keba- ish KM. Changing trends in cervical spine fusions in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) . 2014;39:1178-1182. 7. Wertheim SB, Bohlman HH. Occipitocervical fusion. Indications, technique, and long-term results in thirteen patients. J Bone Joint Surg Am . 1987;69:833-836. 8. Boden SD, Dodge LD, Bohlman HH, Rechtine GR. Rheumatoid arthritis of the cervical spine. A long-term analysis with predictors of paralysis and recovery. J Bone Joint Surg Am . 1993;75: 1282-1297. 9. Delamarter RB, Bohlman HH. Postmortem osseous and neuro- pathologic analysis of the rheumatoid cervical spine. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) . 1994;19:2267-2274. 10. Gossec L, Berenbaum F, Chauvin P, et al. Development and application of a questionnaire to assess patient beliefs in rheuma- toid arthritis and axial spondyloarthritis. Clin Rheumatol . 2018; 37:2649-2657. 11. Smolen JS, Aletaha D, McInnes IB. Rheumatoid arthritis. Lancet . 2016;388:2023-2038. 12. Sudoł-Szopin´ska I, Jans L, Teh J. Rheumatoid arthritis: what do MRI and ultrasound show. J Ultrason . 2017;17:5-16. 13. Lee SH, Kang YM, Park YM. Multiple vertebral involvement of rheumatoid arthritis in thoracolumbar spine: a case report. J Kor- ean Med Sci . 2010;25:472-475. 14. Yamada K, Suzuki A, Takahashi S, et al. MRI evaluation of lumbar endplate and facet erosion in rheumatoid arthritis. J Spinal Disord Tech . 2014;27:E128-E135. 15. Moore RJ. The vertebral end-plate: what do we know? Eur Spine J . 2000;9:92-96. 16. Heywood AW, Meyers OL. Rheumatoid arthritis of the thoracic and lumbar spine. J Bone Joint Surg Br . 1986;68:362-368. 17. Mesfin A, El Dafrawy MH, Jain A, et al. Surgical outcomes of long spinal fusions for scoliosis in adult patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Neurosurg Spine . 2015;22:367-373. 18. Bernstein DN, Kurucan E, Menga EN, Molinari RW, Rubery PT, Mesfin A. Comparison of adult spinal deformity patients with and without rheumatoid arthritis undergoing primary non-cervical spinal fusion surgery: a nationwide analysis of 52,818 patients. Spine J . 2018;18:1861-1866. 19. Hansen SM, Hetland ML, Pedersen J, Østergaard M, Rubak TS, Bjorner JB. Work ability in rheumatoid arthritis patients: a regis- ter study on the prospective risk of exclusion and probability of returning to work. Rheumatology (Oxford) . 2017;56:1135-1143. 20. Okano T, Inui K, Tada M, et al. High frequency of vertebral fracture and low bone quality in patients with rheumatoid arthritis—results from TOMORROW study. Mod Rheumatol . 2017;27:398-404. 21. Mitsuyama T, Kubota M, Yuzurihara M, et al. The pitfalls in surgical management of lumbar canal stenosis associated with rheumatoid arthritis. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) . 2013;53:853-860. 22. Ochi T, Iwase R, Yonemasu K, et al. Natural course of joint destruction and fluctuation of serum c1q levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum . 1988;31:37-43. 23. Yamada K, Suzuki A, Takahashi S, Yasuda H, Koike T, Naka- mura H. Severe low back pain in patients with rheumatoid arthri- tis is associated with Disease Activity Score but not with radiological findings on plain X-rays. Mod Rheumatol . 2015;25: 56-61. 24. Koakutsu T, Morozumi N, Koizumi Y, Ishii Y. Lumbar radiculo- pathy caused by foraminal stenosis in rheumatoid arthritis. Ups J Med Sci . 2011;116:133-137. 25. Nakase T, Fujiwara K, Kohno J, et al. Pathological fracture of a lumbar vertebra caused by rheumatoid arthritis—a case report. Int Orthop . 1998;22:397-399. 26. Hirohashi N, Sakai T, Sairyo K, et al. Lumbar radiculopathy caused by extradural rheumatoid nodules. Case report. J Neuro- surg Spine. 2007;7:352-356. 27. Levy Y, Stalley P, Bleasel J. Thoracic spinal cord compression by a rheumatoid nodule. Intern Med J . 2004;34:137-138. 28. Kraus E, Klinge H, Rautenberg M. Intradural manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis causing spinal cord compression. Neurochir- urgia (Stuttg) . 1990;(33 suppl 1):56-57. 29. Kim SI, Kim YH, Lee JW, Kang WW, Ha KY. Rheumatoid arthritis-associated spinal neuroarthropathy with double-level isthmic spondylolisthesis. Eur Spine J . 2019;28:2145-2150. doi: 10.1007/s00586-017-5220-6 30. Meng J, Li Y, Yuan X, Lu Y. Evaluating osteoporotic fracture risk with the Fracture Risk Assessment Tool in Chinese patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Medicine (Baltimore) . 2017;96:e6677. 31. Ursum J, Britsemmer K, van Schaardenburg D, Lips PTA, Dijk- mans BA, Lems W. High prevalence of vertebral deformities in elderly patients with early rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis . 2009;68:1512-1513. 32. Vosse D, Landew´e R, van der Heijde D, van der Linden S, van Staa TP, Geusens P. Ankylosing spondylitis and the risk of frac- ture: results from a large primary care-based nested case-control study. Ann Rheum Dis . 2009;68:1839-1842. 33. Arai K, Hanyu T, Sugitani H, et al. Risk factors for vertebral fracture in menopausal or postmenopausal Japanese women with rheumatoid arthritis: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study. J Bone Miner Metab . 2006;24:118-124. 34. Ghazi M, Kolta S, Briot K, Fechtenbaum J, Paternotte S, Roux C. Prevalence of vertebral fractures in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: revisiting the role of glucocorticoids. Osteoporos Int . 2012;23:581-587. 35. Ørstavik RE, Haugeberg G, Uhlig T, et al. Incidence of vertebral deformities in 255 female rheumatoid arthritis patients measured by morphometric X-ray absorptiometry. Osteoporos Int . 2005;16: 35-42. Joo et al 773