446 - Tourniquet-induced nerve compression injuries caused by high pressure levels and gradients

studies to reduce pressure levels and applied pressure gradients. However, application of these methods and equipment has not yet become widely adopted in clinical practice. The next advancement in tourniquet safety will come from the revision and adoption of standards of practice for tourniquet use not only in surgery, but also in related trauma and rehabilitation environments. Abbreviations BFR: Blood Flow Restriction; LOP: Limb Occlusion Pressure Acknowledgements The invaluable assistance of Julie Kerr BASc in identifying, organizing and critically reviewing the existing evidence is gratefully acknowledged by the authors. Authors ’ contributions JM researched the sections on tourniquet technology and was a major contributor in writing the manuscript. BM researched and provided insight on current practices in the surgical environment, and was a major contributor in revising the manuscript. AE researched the section on nerve injury and was a major contributor in writing the manuscript. CD researched and reviewed the sections of the manuscript related to tourniquet safety, and was a major contributor in revising the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Authors ’ information Not applicable. Funding No funding was provided for the development of this manuscript. Availability of data and materials Data sharing not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analysed during the current study. Ethics approval and consent to participate Not applicable. Consent for publication Not applicable. Competing interests BM and CD have received research or institutional support from Stryker, DePuy, and Smith and Nephew. JM is president and an indirect shareholder of Western Clinical Engineering Ltd., is a board member and indirect shareholder of Delfi Medical Innovations Inc., and has patents US 9,039,730, US 9,814,467 and US 20170112504 assigned to Western Clinical Engineering Ltd. AE declares that he has no competing interests. Author details 1 Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 207-1099 West 8th Avenue, Vancouver, BC V6H 1C3, Canada. 2 Division of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. 3 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. Received: 13 March 2020 Accepted: 20 May 2020 References 1. Vaughan A, Hardwick T, Gaskin J, Bendall S. Tourniquet use in orthopaedic surgery. Orthop Traumatol. 2017;31(5):312 – 5. 2. McEwen JA. Complications of and improvements in pneumatic tourniquets used in surgery. Med Instrum. 1981;15(4):253. 3. Bogdan Y, Helfet DL. 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