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| The Surgical Technologist | APRIL 2021 190 A D V E R T I S E R S I N D E X American Surgical ....... 146-147 Professionals Biogel ........................... 148 FTCC ............................. 191 Innomed ........................ 178 Surgical Science .............. 177 O F F I C I A L J O U R N A L O F T H E A S S O C I A T I O N O F S U R G I C A L T E C H N O L O G I S T S , I N C . A P R I L 2 0 2 1 V O L U M E 5 3 N O 4 Survival of Patients with Left Ventricular Assist Devices Undergoing Noncardiac Surgery “LIKE”US ON FACEBOOK AST Review: Kidney Answers 1. Bowman’scapsule–Theouterareaofarenal corpusclethat surrounds theglomerulusandconnects totheproximal convolutedtubuleat thebeginningofanephron. Dialysis–Atreatment forkidneyfailurethat filterswasteproducts fromtheblood. Ectopickidney–Abirthdefectwhereakidney isnot locatedinitsnormal position. Gerota’s fascia–Anterior renal fascia. Glomerulus–The innerareaofarenal corpusclecontaininganetworkof capillariesandsurrounded byBowman’scapsule.Alsocalledatuft. Haematuria–Bloodintheurine. Henle’s loop–Theportionofanephronthat connects thedescending limbof theproximal tubuleto theascending limbof thedistal tubule, creatingahighureaconcentrationdeepinthemedulla.Also calledthenephron loop. Hydronephrosis–Anobstructioninthekidneycausingbuild-upofurineandswellinginthekidney. Nephrectomy–Thetotal orpartial removal of thekidney. Parenchyma–Thefunctional tissueof thekidney(versusconnectiveor supportingtissue). Podocytes–Epithelial cellswithintheBoman’scapsulethatencirclethecapillariesof theglomeru- lus. andactasoneof thefiltrationsystemsof thekidneys. Renal calculi–Depositsofmineralsandsalts that formwithinthekidney.AlsocalledKidneystones, nephrolithiasisandurolithiasis. Renal capsule–Layersof fibrousandadiposetissuethat surroundandprotect thekidney. Renal pelvis–Thefunnel-likepartof thekidneywherethemajor calycesconverge, allowingurineto flowintotheureter. Zuckerkandl’s fascia–Posterior renal fascia. 2. a. retroperitoneal,parietal, abdominalwall b.hilum c. renal arteries, renal veins d.bladder,ureter e.duodenum f. right lobe g. colon, jejunum h.pancreas i. stomach, spleen j. colon, jejunum 3.Adrenal glands(alsocalledsuprarenal glands). 4. Therightkidney isdisplacedbythe liver. 5.Adipose layerssurroundingthekidney. 6. a. renal cortex, renalmedulla b.medulla,medullarypyramids, renal columns c. renal papilla,minor calyx d.major calyx, renal pelvis e. renal cortex f.Nephrons g.medulla, Juxtamedullarynephrons, cortex, cortical nephrons h. corpuscle, tubule 7.Renal artery, renal vein,ureters, lymphaticsandnerves. 8. a.Psoas b. Transverseabdominal c.Quadratus lumborum 9. Functionsof thekidneys: • Produceurine-Removewasteproductsandexcess fluidfromthebody. • Control bloodpressurebycontrollingfluid levelsandproducingahormonecausesvasoconstriction. • Aidinredbloodcell production,byproducingahormonethat signalsbonemarrowtoproducemore. • ProducesVitaminDthatallows thebodytoabsorbcalciumandphosphorus–leadingtostrongerbones. • Controls thebody’spHlevelsbyremovingacidsorbalancingchemicals that control acid levels. 10. Theadrenal gland,perirenal fat,upperureter,Gerota’s fasciaandpossiblyregional lymphnodes. 11.Supine 12.Acondition,usually inherited,wheremanyfluid-filledbenigncystsgrowwithinthekidneycausingdysfunction. 13.D.750,000 14.A.23,401 15.C.15%-20% References 1. BigaLM,DawsonS,HarwellA,etal.25.1Internal andExternalAnatomyof theKidney. InAnatomyandPhysiolo- gy.OregonStateUniversitywebsite .https://open.oregonstate.education/aandp/chapter/25-1-internal-and- external-anatomy-of-the-kidney/.AccessedFebruary23,2021. 2. FreyK.,ed. (2018) Surgical Technologyfor theSurgical Technologist:APositiveCareApproach (5thed.).Bos- ton:CengageLearning. 3. Statistics. TheKidneyProject.UniversityofCaliforniaSanFrancisco .https://pharm.ucsf.edu/kidney/need/ statistics#:~:text=More%20than%20100%2C000%20patients%20in,rising%20at%208%25%20per%20year. AccessedFebruary23,2021. 4. TheKidneys. Lumenwebsite .https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-ap/chapter/the-kidneys/. AccessedFebruary23,2021. 5. SearingL. TheBigNumber:39,717organtransplants intheU.S. lastyear. TheWashingtonPost.https:// www.washingtonpost.com/health/the-big-number-39717-organ-transplants-in-the-us-last- year/2020/02/28/2f9c376e-5976-11ea-9000-f3cffee23036_story.html.PostedMarch2,2020.Accessed February23,2021. 6. Top5JobsKidneysDo.NationalKidneyFoundation .https://www.kidney.org/kidneydisease/top-5-jobs-kid- neys-do.AccessedFebruary23,2021. 7. VenesD.,ed. (2017) Taber’sCyclopedicMedicalDictionary (23rded.).Philadelphia: F.A.DavisCompany.