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(one academic and one community). Patient characteris- tics are summarized in Table 1 . Average patient age was 53.7 10.0 years (mean SD) and age ranged from 36 to 72 years. Thirty-seven patients identified as white (82%), 2 identified as African-American (4%), 2 identified as Asian (4%), and 3 identified as Hispanic (7%). BMI was 27.7 6.5 kg/m 2 (range, 18.0–45.8 kg/m 2 ), with 6 obese women (11%), 2 women (4%) with severe obesity, and 3 women (6%) with morbid obesity. Parity ranged from 0 to 7, with 10 nulliparous women (22%) and 11 women who had never had a previous vaginal delivery (24%). Twenty-four women (n 24) had prior abdominal or pelvic surgery (53%), including open surgery (22%), laparoscopic sur- gery (13%), or unspecified type of surgery (11%). Patient medical and surgical history prior to the colpotomy pro- cedure have been detailed in Table 1 . Surgical procedure information is summarized in Table 2 . Surgical indications included adnexal cyst (36%), risk-reducing surgery for history of breast cancer or related mutations (24%), abnormal uterine bleeding (18%), cervical dysplasia or cervical adenocarcinoma in situ (4%), desire for sterility (2%), or multiple indica- tions (16%). Procedures included unilateral or bilateral salpingectomy and oophorectomy (69%); unilateral or bilateral salpingectomy only (2%), or total hysterectomy (TH; 29%). The abdominal incisions were located either both in the peri-umbilical area (69%), umbilicus and right lower quadrant (24%), or umbilicus and left lower quadrant (7%). Surgical outcomes are summarized in Tables 3 , 4 , and 5 . Thirty-two patients (71%) underwent adnexal surgery and 13 patients (29%) underwent TH. Operative time for ad- Figure 2. The Veress needle is being placed into the posterior cul-de-sac to form the posterior colpotomy. Figure 4. Healed umbilical incisions at the post-operative exam. Figure 3. The surgical assistant is using the articulated grasper from the posterior colpotomy trocar to retract the uterus. Statistical Analysis Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. Con- tinuous variable results were reported as mean standard deviation (SD) and range. Categorical data were reported as percentages of the total. Statistical analysis was per- formed with Stata version 13.1 (StataCorp, LLP, College Station, TX, USA). RESULTS From February 2013 through August 2017, 45 women underwent combined vaginal and laparoscopic surgery for benign indications by a single surgeon at 2 hospitals NOVEMBER 2021 | The Surgical Technologist | 497