JUNE 2022 | The Surgical Technologist | 269 Robotic Skills (GEARS) to evaluate residents’ performances in robotic-assisted dismembered pyeloplastic before and after training with 3D silicon-based renal models. After training, there was a significant improvement in depth perception, surgical speed, and confidence [218]. Historically, imaging finding is the only available evidence for the patient to understand their diagnosis, possible surgical approach, risks, and possible complications. However, with the development of personalized 3DP, studies have shown that patients describe a better understanding of basic kidney physiology, kidney anatomy, tumor characteristics, better knowledge of the planned surgical procedure, and an overall better comprehension of the disease and the intervention [211, 212, 219–222]. Definitely, the use of this technology appears to be a promising way to improve surgeon’s training and enhance Outer Case Vaginal Entrance (a) Vaginal Entrance Cervix Speculum Tandem Outer Case (b) Bladder Uterus Rectum Vaginal Canal (c) Uterus Rectum Vaginal Canal External GTV Clip-On (d) Tandem Speculum Cervix (e) Figure 7: (a) Closed 3D printed model. (b) The speculum entering the vaginal canal. (c) 3D printed intrapelvic organs and its anatomical position. (d) Presence of 3D printed gross tumor attached to the uterine body. (e) Tandem used in brachytherapy procedures is inserted through the speculum and placed inside the cervix and uterine canal. These phantom models help in teaching physicians the process of intracavitary procedures in cervical cancers [201]. Used with permission from Elsevier. 13 BioMed Research International
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MTExMDc1