JUNE 2022 | The Surgical Technologist | 259 Doppler ultrasonography to obtain complementary hemodynamic details [122]. Among the printing techniques, FDM is one of the most popular and least expensive [123]. 3DP is evolving in vascular and endovascular surgery, providing images from large vessels to the smallest ones, allowing total control of the area for planning surgeries. One of the utilities of 3DP is to work aortic fenestrations in complex cases of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms, reducing surgical time and achieving an improvement in measurements; achieving to merge an experience of performing surgery Posterior view Sagittal view RSVC Entrance of right pulmonary veins Entrance of left pulmonary veins Entrance of IVC Aorta Atriotomy Left SVC Right SVC Right superior cavo-pulmonary connection Aorta RPA LPA Left superior cavo-pulmonary connection Left pulmonary veins to morphologic right atrium Right pulmonary veins to morphologic right atrium Figure 3: Simulated 3D-printed flexible, intact-heart model used in the surgical planning for complex total cavopulmonary connection. LPA: left pulmonary artery; RPA: right pulmonary artery; RSVC: right superior vena cava; IVC: inferior vena cava; RA: right atrium; Ao: aorta; LA: left atrium; LV: left ventricle; RV: right ventricle; SVC: superior vena cava [117]. Used with permission from Elsevier. 7 BioMed Research International
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