462

JUNE 2022 | The Surgical Technologist | 277 [141] A. Pietrabissa, S. Marconi, E. Negrello et al., “An overview on 3D printing for abdominal surgery,” Surgical endoscopy, vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 1–13, 2020. [142] P. Grimminger, L. Goense, I. Gockel et al., “Diagnosis, assessment, and management of surgical complications following esophagectomy,” Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, vol. 1434, no. 1, pp. 254–273, 2018. [143] I. W. Mboumi, S. Reddy, and A. O. Lidor, “Complications after esophagectomy,” Surgical Clinics, vol. 99, no. 3, pp. 501–510, 2019. [144] Y. Takeoka, K. Matsumoto, D. Taniguchi et al., “Regeneration of esophagus using a scaffold-free biomimetic structure created with bio-three-dimensional printing,” PLOS ONE, vol. 14, no. 3, article e0211339, 2019. [145] H. Nam, H. J. Jeong, Y. Jo et al., “Multi-layered free-form 3D cell-printed tubular construct with decellularized inner and outer esophageal tissue-derived bioinks,” Scientific reports, vol. 10, no. 1, p. 7255, 2020. [146] H. Park, I. G. Kim, Y. Wu et al., “Experimental investigation of esophageal reconstruction with electrospun polyurethane nanofiber and 3D printing polycaprolactone scaffolds using a rat model,” Head & Neck, vol. 43, no. 3, pp. 833–848, 2021. [147] Y. Kang, “A review of self-expanding esophageal stents for the palliation therapy of inoperable esophageal malignancies,” BioMed Research International, vol. 2019, Article ID 9265017, 2019. [148] K. J. Dickinson, J. Matsumoto, S. D. Cassivi et al., “Individualizing management of complex esophageal pathology using three-dimensional printed models,” The Annals of thoracic surgery, vol. 100, no. 2, pp. 692–697, 2015. [149] F. Schlottmann, N. S. Murty, and M. G. Patti, “Simulation model for laparoscopic foregut surgery: the University of North Carolina foregut model,” Journal of Laparoendoscopic & Advanced Surgical Techniques, vol. 27, no. 7, pp. 661– 665, 2017. [150] F. Schlottmann, F. A. M. Herbella, and M. G. Patti, “Simulation for foregut and bariatric surgery: current status and future directions,” Journal of Laparoendoscopic & Advanced Surgical Techniques, vol. 31, no. 5, pp. 546–550, 2021. [151] A. Williams, M. McWilliam, J. Ahlin, J. Davidson, M. A. Quantz, and A. Bütter, “A simulated training model for laparoscopic pyloromyotomy: is 3D printing the way of the future?,” Journal of pediatric surgery, vol. 53, no. 5, pp. 937– 941, 2018. operative planning before laparoscopic liver hemihepatectomy for colorectal cancer metastases,” International journal of computer assisted radiology and surgery, vol. 12, no. 12, pp. 2047–2054, 2017. [157] T. Igami, Y. Nakamura, T. Hirose et al., “Application of a three-dimensional print of a liver in hepatectomy for small tumors invisible by intraoperative ultrasonography: preliminary experience,” World journal of surgery, vol. 38, no. 12, pp. 3163–3166, 2014. [158] A. Hamabe and M. Ito, “A three-dimensional pelvic model made with a three-dimensional printer: applications for laparoscopic surgery to treat rectal cancer,” Techniques in coloproctology, vol. 21, no. 5, pp. 383–387, 2017. [159] J. Rodríguez-García, J. Sierra-Velasco, G. García-Santos, M. Villazon, L. García-Flórez, and M. Fernández-Rodríguez, “Transanal endoscopic surgery with a 3D printed device,” Techniques in coloproctology, vol. 25, no. 8, pp. 1–5, 2021. [160] Y. Chen, L. Bian, H. Zhou et al., “Usefulness of threedimensional printing of superior mesenteric vessels in right hemicolon cancer surgery,” Scientific reports, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 1–11, 2020. [161] K. Sahnan, S. O. Adegbola, P. J. Tozer et al., “Innovation in the imaging of perianal fistula: a step towards personalised medicine,” Therapeutic advances in gastroenterology, vol. 11, article 1756284818775060, 2018. [162] E. S. Júnior, W. Eulálio Filho, A. Nogueira, B. Rocha, and A. Meneses, “Use of three-dimensional virtual images for planning surgery of complex anal fistulas: a new technology available via smartphone,” Techniques in coloproctology, vol. 23, no. 8, pp. 775–778, 2019. [163] S. Ali, A. Bailey, S. Ash et al., “A pilot study on automatic three-dimensional quantification of Barrett’s esophagus for risk stratification and therapy monitoring,” Gastroenterology, vol. 161, no. 3, pp. 865–878.e8, 2021. [164] E. R. Perica and Z. Sun, “A systematic review of threedimensional printing in liver disease,” Journal of Digital Imaging, vol. 31, no. 5, pp. 692–701, 2018. [165] J. S. Witowski, J. Coles-Black, T. Z. Zuzak et al., “3D printing in liver surgery: a systematic review,” Telemedicine and eHealth, vol. 23, no. 12, pp. 943–947, 2017. [166] T. Yang, T. Tan, J. Yang et al., “The impact of using threedimensional printed liver models for patient education,” Journal of International Medical Research, vol. 46, no. 4, pp. 1570–1578, 2018. B. Kim, g guidaortic ascular ng, and al gasiguus,” ol. 10, use of no. 3, ll, “855 bdom- ,” Britiew on oscopy, assesslowing of Scications no. 3, generaructure ONE, rm 3D er and reports, igation ethane s using , 2021. nts for ignanicle ID dividuy using horacic ulation sity of oscopic . 661– imulaus and [152] Y. Chen, C. Qian, R. Shen et al., “3D printing technology improves medical Interns' understanding of anatomy of gastrocolic trunk,” Journal of surgical education, vol. 77, no. 5, pp. 1279–1284, 2020. [153] C. Stier, C. Parmar, A.-C. Koschker, M. Bokhari, R. Stier, and S. Chiappetta, “Computed tomography-3D-volumetry: a valuable adjunctive diagnostic tool after bariatric surgery,” Mini-invasive Surgery, vol. 4, 2020. [154] S. Emile and S. Wexner, “Systematic review of the applications of three-dimensional printing in colorectal surgery,” Colorectal Disease, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 261–269, 2019. [155] T. Tominaga, K. Takagi, H. Takeshita et al., “Usefulness of three-dimensional printing models for patients with stoma construction,” Case reports in gastroenterology, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 61–66, 2016. [156] J. S. Witowski, M. Pędziwiatr, P. Major, and A. Budzyński, “Cost-effective, personalized, 3D-printed liver model for preoperative planning before laparoscopic liver hemihepatectomy for colorectal cancer metastases,” International journal of computer assisted radiology and surgery, vol. 12, no. 12, pp. 2047–2054, 2017. [157] T. Igami, Y. Nakamura, T. Hirose et al., “Application of a three-dimensional print of a liver in hepatectomy for small tumors invisible by intraoperative ultrasonography: preliminary experience,” World journal of surgery, vol. 38, no. 12, pp. 3163–3166, 2014. [158] A. Hamabe and M. Ito, “A three-dimensional pelvic model made with a three-dimensional printer: applications for laparoscopic surgery to treat rectal cancer,” Techniques in coloproctology, vol. 21, no. 5, pp. 383–387, 2017. [159] J. Rodríguez-García, J. Sierra-Velasco, G. García-Santos, M. Villazon, L. García-Flórez, and M. Fernández-Rodríguez, “Transanal endoscopic surgery with a 3D printed device,” Techniques in coloproctology, vol. 25, no. 8, pp. 1–5, 2021. [160] Y. Chen, L. Bian, H. Zhou et al., “Usefulness of threedimensional printing of superior mesenteric vessels in right hemicolon cancer surgery,” Scientific reports, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 1–11, 2020. [161] K. Sahnan, S. O. Adegbola, P. J. Tozer et al., “Innovation in the imaging of perianal fistula: a step towards personalised medicine,” Therapeutic advances in gastroenterology, vol. 11, article 1756284818775060, 2018. [162] E. S. Júnior, W. Eulálio Filho, A. Nogueira, B. Rocha, and A. Meneses, “Use of three-dimensional virtual images for planning surgery of complex anal fistulas: a new technology available via smartphone,” Techniques in coloproctology, vol. 23, no. 8, pp. 775–778, 2019. [163] S. Ali, A. Bailey, S. Ash et al., “A pilot study on automatic three-dimensional quantification of Barrett’s esophagus for risk stratification and therapy monitoring,” Gastroenterology, vol. 161, no. 3, pp. 865–878.e8, 2021. [164] E. R. Perica and Z. Sun, “A systematic review of threedimensional printing in liver disease,” Journal of Digital Imaging, vol. 31, no. 5, pp. 692–701, 2018. 23 the palliation therapy of inoperable esophageal malignancies,” BioMed Research International, vol. 2019, Article ID 9265017, 2019. [148] K. J. Dickinson, J. Matsumoto, S. D. Cassivi et al., “Individualizing management of complex esophageal pathology using three-dimensional printed models,” The Annals of thoracic surgery, vol. 100, no. 2, pp. 692–697, 2015. [149] F. Schlottmann, N. S. Murty, and M. G. Patti, “Simulation model for laparoscopic foregut surgery: the University of North Carolina foregut model,” Journal of Laparoendoscopic & Advanced Surgical Techniques, vol. 27, no. 7, pp. 661– 665, 2017. [150] F. Schlottmann, F. A. M. Herbella, and M. G. Patti, “Simulation for foregut and bariatric surgery: current status and future directions,” Journal of Laparoendoscopic & Advanced Surgical Techniques, vol. 31, no. 5, pp. 546–550, 2021. [151] A. Williams, M. McWilliam, J. Ahlin, J. Davidson, M. A. Quantz, and A. Bütter, “A simulated training model for laparoscopic pyloromyotomy: is 3D rinting the way of the future?,” Journal of pediatric surgery, vol. 53, no. 5, pp. 937– 941, 2018. medicine,” Therapeutic advances in gastroenterology, vol. 11, article 1756284818775060, 2018. [162] E. S. Júnior, W. Eulálio Filho, A. Nogueira, B. Rocha, and A. Meneses, “Use of three-dimensional virtual images for planning surgery of complex anal fistulas: a new technology available via smartphone,” Tech iques in coloproctology, vol. 23, no. 8, pp. 775–778, 2019. [163] S. Ali, A. Bailey, S. Ash et al., “A pilot study on automatic three-dimensional quantification of Barrett’s esophagus for risk stratification and therapy monitori g,” Gastroenterology, vol. 161, no. 3, pp. 865–878.e8, 2021. [164] E. R. Perica and Z. Sun, “A systematic review of threedimensional printing in liver disease,” Journal of Digital Imaging, vol. 31, no. 5, pp. 692–701, 2018. [165] J. S. Witowski, J. Coles-Black, T. Z. Zuzak et al., “3D printing in liver surgery: a systematic review,” Telemedicine and eHealth, vol. 23, no. 12, pp. 943–947, 2017. [166] T. Yang, T. Tan, J. Yang et al., “The impact of using threedimensional printed liver models for patient education,” Journal of International Medical Research, vol. 46, no. 4, pp. 1570–1578, 2018. [167] D. H. Ballard, N. Wake, J. Witowski, F. J. Rybicki, and A. Sheikh, “Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) 3D Printing Special Interest Group (SIG) clinical situations for which 3D printing is considered an appropriate representation or extension of data contained in a medical imaging examination: abdominal, hepatobiliary, and gastrointestinal conditions,” 3D printing in medicine, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 7–7, 2020. [168] C. Fang, P. Zhang, and X. Qi, “Digital and intelligent liver surgery in the new era: prospects and dilemmas,” EBioMedicine, vol. 41, pp. 693–701, 2019. [169] D. S. C. Soon, M. P. Chae, C. H. C. Pilgrim, W. M. Rozen, R. T. Spychal, and D. J. Hunter-Smith, “3D haptic modelling for preoperative planning of hepatic resection: a systematic review,” Annals of Medicine and Surgery, vol. 10, pp. 1–7, 2016. [170] P. Bangeas, V. Tsioukas, V. N. Papadopoulos, and G. Tsoulfas, “Role of innovative 3D printing models in the management of hepatobiliary malignancies,” World Journal of Hepatology, vol. 11, no. 7, pp. 574–585, 2019. [171] V. Dhir, T. Itoi, P. Fockens et al., “Novel ex vivo model for hands-on teaching of and training in EUS-guided biliary drainage: creation of “Mumbai EUS” stereolithography/3D printing bile duct prototype (with videos),” Gastrointestinal endoscopy, vol. 81, no. 2, pp. 440–446, 2015. [172] C. Andolfi, A. Plana, P. Kania, P. P. Banerjee, and S. Small, “Usefulness of three-dimensional modeling in surgical planning, resident training, and patient education,” Journal of laparoendoscopic & advanced surgical techniques. Part A, vol. 27, no. 5, pp. 512–515, 2017. [173] S. Leng, B. Chen, T. Vrieze et al., “Construction of realistic phantoms from patient images and a commercial threedimensional printer,” Journal of Medical Imaging, vol. 3, no. 3, article 033501, 2016. [174] R. Tang, L. Ma, A. Li et al., “Choledochoscopic examination of a 3-dimensional printing model using augmented reality techniques: a preliminary proof of concept study,” Surgical Innovation, vol. 25, no. 5, pp. 492–498, 2018. [175] C. J. Boyer, M. Boktor, H. Samant et al., “3D printing for biosynthetic biliary stents,” Bioengineering, vol. 6, no. 1, p. 16, 2019. [176] B. A. Holt, G. Hearn, R. Hawes, B. Tharian, and S. Varadarajulu, “Development and evaluation of a 3D printed endoscopic ampullectomy training model (with video),” Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, vol. 81, no. 6, pp. 1470–1475.e5, 2015. [177] N. Zeng, C. H. Fang, Y. F. Fan et al., “The construction of three-dimensional visualization platform and its application in diagnosis and treatment for hilar cholangiocarcinoma,” Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi, vol. 54, no. 9, pp. 680–685, 2016. [178] A. Allan, C. Kealley, A. Squelch, Y. H. Wong, C. H. Yeong, and Z. Sun, “Patient-specific 3D printed model of biliary ducts with congenital cyst,” Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 86–93, 2019. [179] T. Asmaria, D. Sajuti, and K. Ain, 3D printed PLA of gallbladder for virtual surgery planning, no. article 050005, 2020. [180] S. Marconi, L. Pugliese, M. Del Chiaro, R. Pozzi Mucelli, F. Auricchio, and A. Pietrabissa, “An innovative strategy for the identification and 3D reconstruction of pancreatic cancer from CT images,” Updates in surgery, vol. 68, no. 3, pp. 273– 278, 2016. [181] J. Kim, K. Kang, C. J. Drogemuller, G. G. Wallace, and P. T. Coates, “Bioprinting an artificial pancreas for type 1 diabetes,” Current Diabetes Reports, vol. 19, no. 8, p. 53, 2019. [182] S. J. Lee, J. B. Lee, Y. W. Park, and D. Y. Lee, “3D bioprinting for artificial pancreas organ,” Advances in experimental medicine and biology, vol. 1064, pp. 355–374, 2018. [183] R. A. Watson, “A low-cost surgical application of additive fabrication,” Journal of Surgical Education, vol. 71, no. 1, pp. 14–17, 2014. [184] C.-Y. Chen, Y.-T. Yeh, C. Liu, R.-C. Lee, S.-S. Huang, and C.- C. Loong, “The feasibility of medial segment graft in pediatric liver transplantation revisited by three-dimensional printing,” Journal of Pediatric Surgery, vol. 56, no. 7, pp. 1162– 1168, 2021. [185] S. Wang, S. Deng, L. Zhu, J.-J. Lu, Y. Wang, and J.-H. Lang, “Preoperative evaluation for complex female genital tract malformation using three-dimensional printing technology,” Chinese medical journal, vol. 130, no. 19, p. 2388, 2017. [186] K. Tomlin, C. Barnes, K. Van Leeuwen, and A. Williamson, “Three-dimensional technology to diagnose unilateral cervical atresia in obstructive hemivagina with ipsilateral renal anomaly: a case report and review of the literature,” Journal of pediatric and adolescent gynecology, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 67– 70, 2018. [187] C. Cooke, T. Flaxman, A. Sheikh, W. Althobaity, O. Miguel, and S. Singh, “3D printing in gynecologic surgery–an innovative tool for surgical planning,” Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology, vol. 26, no. 7, pp. S19–S20, 2019. [188] M. Z. Barbosa, D. S. Zylbersztejn, L. A. de Mattos, and L. F. Carvalho, “Three-dimensionally-printed models in reproductive surgery: systematic review and clinical applications,” Minerva ginecologica, vol. 71, no. 3, pp. 235– 244, 2019. [189] M. H. Baek, D. Y. Kim, N. Kim, C. C. Rhim, J. H. Kim, and J. H. Nam, “Incorporating a 3-dimensional printer into the management of early-stage cervical cancer,” Journal of surgical oncology, vol. 114, no. 2, pp. 150–152, 2016. [190] H. Reddy, P. Maghsoudlou, K. Pepin et al., “Use of 3D model in laparoscopic myomectomy,” Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology, vol. 26, no. 7, p. S19, 2019. [191] S. A. Sayed Aluwee, X. Zhou, H. Kato et al., “Evaluation of pre-surgical models for uterine surgery by use of threedimensional printing and mold casting,” Radiological Physics and Technology, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 279–285, 2017. [192] R. Schulz-Wendtland, M. Harz, M. Meier-Meitinger et al., “Semi-automated delineation of breast cancer tumors and subsequent materialization using three-dimensional printing (rapid prototyping),” Journal of surgical oncology, vol. 115, no. 3, pp. 238–242, 2017. [193] A. Mackey, J. I. Ng, J. Core et al., “Three-dimensional– printed uterine model for surgical planning of a cesarean delivery complicated by multiple myomas,” Obstetrics & Gynecology, vol. 133, no. 4, pp. 720–724, 2019. [194] M. L. Stitely and H. Paterson, “Using three-dimensional printing to fabricate a tubing connector for dilation and evacuation,” Obstetrics & Gynecology, vol. 127, no. 2, pp. 317–319, 2016. [195] M. Barsky, R. Kelley, F. Y. Bhora, and A. Hardart, “Customized pessary fabrication using three-dimensional printing technology,” Obstetrics & Gynecology, vol. 131, no. 3, pp. 493–497, 2018. 24 BioMed Research International [167] D. H. Ballard, N. Wake, J. Witowski, F. J. Rybicki, and A. Sheikh, “Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) 3D Printing Special Interest Group (SIG) clinical situations for which 3D printing is considered an appropriate representation or extension of data contained in a medical imaging examination: abdominal, hepatobiliary, and gastrointestinal conditions,” 3D printing in medicine, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 7–7, 2020. [168] C. Fang, P. Zhang, and X. Qi, “Digital and intelligent liver surgery in the new era: prospects and dilemmas,” EBioMedicine, vol. 41, pp. 693–701, 2019. [169] D. S. C. Soon, M. P. Chae, C. H. C. Pilgrim, W. M. Rozen, R. T. Spychal, and D. J. Hunter-Smith, “3D haptic modelling for preoperative planning of hepatic resection: a systematic review,” Annals of Medicine and Surgery, vol. 10, pp. 1–7, 2016. [181] J. Kim, K. Kang, C. J. Drogemuller, G. G. Wallace, and P. T. Coates, “Bioprinting an artificial pancreas for type 1 diabetes,” Current Diabetes Reports, vol. 19, no. 8, p. 53, 2019. [182] S. J. Lee, J. B. Lee, Y. W. Park, and D. Y. Lee, “3D bioprinting for artificial pancreas organ,” Advances in experimental medicine and biology, vol. 1064, pp. 355–374, 2018. [183] R. A. Watson, “A low-cost surgical application of additive fabrication,” Journal of Surgical Education, vol. 71, no. 1, pp. 14–17, 2014. [184] C.-Y. Chen, Y.-T. Yeh, C. Liu, R.-C. Lee, S.-S. Huang, and C.- C. Loong, “The feasibility of medial segment graft in pediatric liver transplantation revisited by three-dimensional printing,” Journal of Pediatric Surgery, vol. 56, no. 7, pp. 1162– 1168, 2021. [185] S. Wang, S. Deng, L. Zhu, J.-J. Lu, Y. Wang, and J.-H. Lang, 24 BioMed Research International 3D Printing Sp cial Inte st Group (SIG) clinical situations f r which 3D printing is considered an appropriate representation or exten on of data contained in a medical imaging examination: abdominal, hepatobiliary, and gastrointestinal conditions,” 3D printing in medicine, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 7–7, 2020. [168] C. Fang, P. Zhang, a d X. Qi, “Digi al a d intelligent l ver surgery in the new era: prospects and dil mmas,” EBioMedicine, vol. 41, pp. 693–701, 2019. 69 D S. C. Soon, M. P. Chae, C. H. C. Pilgrim, W. M. Rozen, R. T. Spych l, and D. J. Hunter-Smi h, “3D haptic m delling f r preoperative planning of hep ti esection: a systematic review,” Annals of Medicine and Surgery, vol. 10, pp. 1–7, 2016. [170] P. Bangeas, V. Tsioukas, V. N Papadopoul s, and G. Tsoulf s, “R le f innovative 3D printing models in the managem nt of he atobiliary malignancies,” World Journal of Hepatology, vol. 11, no. 7, pp. 574–585, 2019. [171] V. Dhir, T. Itoi, P. Fockens t al., “Novel ex ivo model for ands-on te ching of and training in EUS-guided biliary drainage: creation of “Mumbai EUS” stereolithography/3D printing bile duct prototype (with videos),” Gastr intestinal endoscopy, vol. 81, no. 2, pp. 440–446, 2015. [172] C. Andolfi, A. Plana, P. Kania, P. P. Banerjee, and S. Small, “Usefulness of three-dimensional modeling in surgical planning, resident training, and patient education,” Journal of l paroendoscopic & advanced surgical techniques. Part A, vol. 27, no. 5, pp. 512–515, 2017. [173] S. Leng, B. Chen, T. Vrieze et al., “Con truction of realistic phantoms from patient images and a commercial threedimensional printer,” Journal of Medical Imaging, vol. 3, no. 3, article 033501, 2016. [174] R. Tang, L. Ma, A. Li et al., “Ch led choscopic examination of a 3-dimensional printing model using augmented reality techniques: a preliminary proof of concept study,” Surgical Innovat o , vol. 25, no. 5, pp. 492–498, 2018. [175] C. J. Boyer, M. Boktor, H. Samant et al., “3D printing for biosynthetic biliary stent ,” Bioengineering, vol. 6 no. 1, p. 16, 2019. [176] B. A. Holt, G. Hearn, R. Hawes, B. Tharian, and S. V radarajulu “Development and ev luation of a 3D printed e doscopic ampullectomy t aining mo el (with video),” Gas roin estinal Endoscopy, vol. 81, no. 6 4 4 5.e5, 2015. [177] N. Zeng, C. H. Fang, Y. F. Fan et al., “The construction of three-dimensional visualization platform and its application in diagnosis and treatment for hilar cholangiocarcinoma,” Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi, vol. 54, no. 9, pp. 680–685, 2016. [178] A. Allan, C. Kealley, A. Squelch, Y. H. Wong, C. H. Yeong, and Z. Sun, “Patient-specific 3D printed model of biliary ducts with congenital cyst,” Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 86–93, 2019. [179] T. Asmaria, D. Sajuti, and K. Ain, 3D printed PLA of gallbladder for virtual surgery planni g, no. article 050005, 2020. [180] S. Marconi, L. Pugliese, M. Del Chiaro, R. Pozzi Mucelli, F. Auricchio, and . Pietrabissa, “An inn vative strategy for the identification and 3D reconstruction of pancreatic cancer from CT images,” Updates in surgery, vol. 68, no. 3, pp. 273– 278, 2016. tes,” Current Diabetes Reports, vol. 19, no. 8, p. 53, 2019. [182] S. J. Lee, J. B. Lee, Y. W. Park, and D. Y. Lee, “3D bioprinting for artificial pancreas organ,” Advances in experimental medicine and biology, vol. 1064, pp. 355–374, 2018. [183] R. A. Watson, “A low-cost surgical application of additive fabrication,” Journal of Surgical Education, vol. 71, no. 1, pp. 14–17, 2014. [184] C.-Y. Chen, Y.-T. Yeh, C. Liu, R.-C. Lee, S.-S. Huang, and C.- C. Loong, “The feasibility of medial segment graft in pediatric liver transplantation revisited by three-dimensional printing,” Journal of Pediatric Surgery, vol. 56, no. 7, pp. 1162– 1168, 2021. [185] S. Wang, S. Deng, L. Zhu, J.-J. Lu, Y. Wang, and J.-H. Lang, “Preoperative evaluation for complex female genital tract malformation using three-dimensional printing technology,” Chinese medical journal, vol. 130, no. 19, p. 2388, 2017. [186] K. Tomlin, C. Barnes, K. Van Leeuwen, and A. Williamson, “Three-dimensional technology to diagnose unilateral cervical atresia in obstructive hemivagina with ipsilateral renal anomaly: a case report and review of the literature,” Journal of pediatric and adolescent gynecology, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 67– 70, 2018. [187] C. Cooke, T. Flaxman, A. Sheikh, W. Althobaity, O. Miguel, and S. Singh, “3D printing in gynecologic surgery–an innovative tool for surgical planning,” Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology, vol. 26, no. 7, pp. S19–S20, 2019. [188] M. Z. Barbosa, D. S. Zylbersztejn, L. A. de Mattos, and L. F. Carvalho, “Three-dimensionally-printed models in reproductive surgery: systematic review and clinical applications,” Minerva ginecologica, vol. 71, no. 3, pp. 235– 244, 2019. [189] M. H. Baek, D. Y. Kim, N. Kim, C. C. Rhim, J. H. Kim, and J. H. Nam, “Incorporating a 3-dimensional printer into the management of early-stage cervical cancer,” Journal of surgical oncology, vol. 114, no. 2, pp. 150–152, 2016. [190] H. Reddy, P. Maghsoudlou, K. Pepin et al., “Use of 3D model in laparoscopic myomectomy,” Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology, vol. 26, no. 7, p. S19, 2019. [191] S. A. Sayed Aluwee, X. Zhou, H. Kato et al., “Evaluation of pre-surgical models for uterine surgery by use of threedimensional printing and mold casting,” Radiological Physics and Technology, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 279–285, 2017. [192] R. Schulz-Wendtland, M. Harz, M. Meier-Meitinger et al., “Semi-automated delineation of breast cancer tumors and subsequent materialization using three-dimensional printing (rapid prototyping),” Journal of surgical oncology, vol. 115, no. 3, pp. 238–242, 2017. [193] A. Mackey, J. I. Ng, J. Core et al., “Three-dimensional– printed uterine model for surgical planning of a cesarean delivery complicated by multiple myomas,” Obstetrics & Gynecology, vol. 133, no. 4, pp. 720–724, 2019. [194] M. L. Stitely and H. Paterson, “Using three-dimensional printing to fabricate a tubing connector for dilation and evacuation,” Obstetrics & Gynecology, vol. 127, no. 2, pp. 317–319, 2016. [195] M. Barsky, R. Kelley, F. Y. Bhora, and A. Hardart, “Customized pessary fabrication using three-dimensional printing technology,” Obstetrics & Gynecology, vol. 131, no. 3, pp. 493–497, 2018. [196] J. Hakim, A. Oluyemisi, C. Buskmiller, R. Krishnamurthy, W. Cohn, and J. E. Dietrich, “Innovative use of 3D printers in gynecology,” Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, vol. 28, no. 2, p. e67, 2015. [197] J. Hakim, P. A. Smith, M. Singh et al., “Can we improve vaginal tissue healing using customized devices: 3D printing and biomechanical changes in vaginal tissue,” Gynecologic and obstetric investigation, vol. 84, no. 2, pp. 145–153, 2019. [198] J. Abdulcadir, R. Dewaele, N. Firmenich et al., “In vivo imaging–based 3-dimensional pelvic prototype models to improve education regarding sexual anatomy and physiology,” The Journal of Sexual Medicine, vol. 17, no. 9, pp. 1590–1602, 2020. [199] M. Comeau, C. Goudie, D. Murphy, E. Fowler, and A. Dubrowski, “The use of silicone vaginal repair models as an adjunct to mannequins for simulation training in sexual assault clinical learning for obstetrics and gynecology medical residents,” Cureus, vol. 12, no. 3, 2020. [200] M. Bartellas, S. Ryan, G. Doucet, D. Murphy, and J. Turner, “Three-dimensional printing of a hemorrhagic cervical cancer model for postgraduate gynecological training,” Cureus, vol. 9, no. 1, 2017. [201] S. Campelo, E. Subashi, S. G. Meltsner, Z. Chang, J. Chino, and O. Craciunescu, “Multimaterial three-dimensional printing in brachytherapy: prototyping teaching tools for interstitial and intracavitary procedures in cervical cancers,” Brachytherapy, vol. 19, no. 6, pp. 767–776, 2020. [202] H. W. Schreuder, R. Wolswijk, R. P. Zweemer, M. P. Schijven, and R. H. Verheijen, “Training and learning robotic surgery, time for a more structured approach: a systematic review,” BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, vol. 119, no. 2, pp. 137–149, 2012. [203] A. Ghazi, T. Campbell, R. Melnyk et al., “Validation of a fullimmersion simulation platform for percutaneous nephrolithotomy using three-dimensional printing technology,” Journal of endourology, vol. 31, no. 12, pp. 1314–1320, 2017. [204] M. M. Maddox, A. Feibus, J. Liu, J. Wang, R. Thomas, and J. L. Silberstein, “3D-printed soft-tissue physical models of renal malignancies for individualized surgical simulation: a [ [ [2 [ [ [ [ [ [ BioMed Research International

RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MTExMDc1