463

JUNE 2022 | The Surgical Technologist | 323 Rep EM, rs 6 most. et al. and Res 0.07. t al. roke sdis. d A, ns of ood. MN, ients 056/ et al. with 056/ et al. D-19 021) nsive n on 390/ ongand orax. an P, D-19 most. t al. D-19 386. et al. With us 2 490 ni E, VID /jth. et al. 9: a bosis 038/ thrombelastometry in obese patients submitted to bariatric surgery. Surg Endosc. (2014) 28(2):543–51. doi: 10.1007/s00464-013-3203-1 98. Macfarlane RG, Biggs R. Fibrinolysis; its mechanism and significance. Blood. (1948) 3(10):1167–87. doi: 10.1182/blood.V3.10.1167.1167 99. Thachil J, Juffermans NP, Ranucci M, Connors JM, Warkentin TE, Ortel TL, et al. ISTH DIC subcommittee communication on anticoagulation in COVID-19. J Thromb Haemost. (2020) 18(9):2138–44. doi: 10.1111/jth. 15004 100. Moore HB, Barrett CD, Moore EE, McIntyre RC, Moore PK, Talmor DS, et al. Is there a role for tissue plasminogen activator as a novel treatment for refractory COVID-19 associated acute respiratory distress syndrome? The Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery. (2020) 88(6):1. doi: 10. 1097/TA.0000000000002694 101. Barrett CD, Moore HB, Moore EE, Wang DJ, Hajizadeh N, Biffl WL, et al. Study of Alteplase for Respiratory Failure in SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19: A Vanguard Multicenter, Rapidly Adaptive, Pragmatic, Randomized Controlled Trial. Chest. (2022) 161(3):710–27. doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2021.09.024 102. Spyropoulos AC, Levy JH, Ageno W, Connors JM, Hunt BJ, Iba T, et al. Scientific and Standardization Committee communication: Clinical guidance on the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of venous thromboembolism in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. J Thromb Haemost. (2020) 18(8):1859–65. doi: 10.1111/jth.14929 103. Bradbury CA, McQuilten Z. Anticoagulation in COVID-19. Lancet. (2022) 399(10319):5–7. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02503-4 104. Hozayen SM, Zychowski D, Benson S, Lutsey PL, Haslbauer J, Tzankov A, et al. Outpatient and inpatient anticoagulation therapy and the risk for hospital admission and death among COVID-19 patients. EClinicalMedicine. (2021) 41:101139. doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.101139 105. Connors JM, Levy JH. Thromboinflammation and the hypercoagulability of COVID-19. J Thromb Haemost. (2020) 18(7):1559–61. doi: 10.1111/jth.14849 106. Bikdeli B, Madhavan MV, Jimenez D, Chuich T, Dreyfus I, Driggin E, et al. COVID-19 and Thrombotic or Thromboembolic Disease: Implications for Prevention, Antithrombotic Therapy, and Follow-Up: JACC State-of-theArt Review. J Am Coll Cardiol. (2020) 75(23):2950–73. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc. 2020.04.031 107. Cohoon KP, Mahé G, Tafur AJ, Spyropoulos AC. Emergence of institutional antithrombotic protocols for coronavirus 2019. Research and Practice in Thrombosis and Haemostasis. (2020) 4(4):510–7. doi: 10.1002/rth2.12358 108. Stillson JE, Bunch CM, Gillespie L, Khan R, Wierman M, Pulvirenti J, et al. Thromboelastography-Guided Management of Anticoagulated COVID-19 Patients to Prevent Hemorrhage. Semin Thromb Hemost. (2021) 47(4): 442–6. doi: 10.1055/s-0041-1723754 109. Ten Cate H. Surviving Covid-19 with Heparin? N Engl J Med. (2021) 385 (9):845–6. doi: 10.1056/NEJMe2111151 110. Sollini M, Ciccarelli M, Cecconi M, Aghemo A, Morelli P, Gelardi F, et al. Vasculitis changes in COVID-19 survivors with persistent symptoms: an [(18)F]FDG-PET/CT study. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. (2021) 48(5): 1460–6. doi: 10.1007/s00259-020-05084-3 111. Hartmann J, Walsh M, Grisoli A, Thomas AV, Shariff F, McCauley R, et al. Diagnosis and Treatment of Trauma-Induced Coagulopathy by Viscoelastography. Semin Thromb Hemost. (2020) 46(02):134–46. doi: 10. 1055/s-0040-1702171 112. Walsh M, Thomas S, Kwaan H, Aversa J, Anderson S, Sundararajan R, et al. Modern methods for monitoring hemorrhagic resuscitation in the United States: Why the delay? J Trauma Acute Care Surg. (2020) 89(6):1018–22. doi: 10.1097/TA.0000000000002977 113. Park MS, Martini WZ, Dubick MA, Salinas J, Butenas S, Kheirabadi BS, et al. Thromboelastography as a better indicator of postinjury hypercoagulable state than prothrombin time or activated partial COVID-19 Immuno-Thrombosis and Surgery et al. COVID and Coagulation: Bleeding and Thrombotic Manifestations of SARS-CoV2 Infection. Blood. (2020) 136(4):489–500. doi: 10.1182/blood. 2020006520 85. Goligher EC, Bradbury CA, McVerry BJ, Lawler PR, Berger JS, Gong MN, et al. Therapeutic Anticoagulation with Heparin in Critically Ill Patients with Covid-19. N Engl J Med. (2021) 385(9):777–89. doi: 10.1056/ NEJMoa2103417 86. Lawler PR, Goligher EC, Berger JS, Neal MD, McVerry BJ, Nicolau JC, et al. Therapeutic Anticoagulation with Heparin in Noncritically Ill Patients with Covid-19. N Engl J Med. (2021) 385(9):790–802. doi: 10.1056/ NEJMoa2105911 87. Dennis A, Wamil M, Alberts J, Oben J, Cuthbertson DJ, Wootton D, et al. Multiorgan impairment in low-risk individuals with post-COVID-19 syndrome: a prospective, community-based study. BMJ Open. (2021) 11(3):e048391. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-048391 88. Yan Z, Yang M, Lai CL. Long COVID-19 Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review of Its Effect on Various Organ Systems and Recommendation on Rehabilitation Plans. Biomedicines. (2021) 9(8):966. doi: 10.3390/ biomedicines9080966 89. Mandal S, Barnett J, Brill SE, Brown JS, Denneny EK, Hare SS, et al. ‘LongCOVID’: a cross-sectional study of persisting symptoms, biomarker and imaging abnormalities following hospitalisation for COVID-19. Thorax. (2021) 76(4):396–8. doi: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2020-215818 90. Townsend L, Fogarty H, Dyer A, Martin-Loeches I, Bannan C, Nadarajan P, et al. Prolonged elevation of D-dimer levels in convalescent COVID-19 patients is independent of the acute phase response. J Thromb Haemost. (2021) 19(4):1064–70. doi: 10.1111/jth.15267 91. Sun B, Tang N, Peluso MJ, Iyer NS, Torres L, Donatelli JL, et al. Characterization and Biomarker Analyses of Post-COVID-19 Complications and Neurological Manifestations. Cells. (2021) 10(2):386. doi: 10.3390/cells10020386. 92. Peluso MJ, Lu S, Tang AF, Durstenfeld MS, Ho HE, Goldberg SA, et al. Markers of Immune Activation and Inflammation in Individuals With Postacute Sequelae of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection. J Infect Dis. (2021) 224(11):1839–48. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiab490 93. Fogarty H, Townsend L, Morrin H, Ahmad A, Comerford C, Karampini E, et al. Persistent endotheliopathy in the pathogenesis of long COVID syndrome. J Thromb Haemost. (2021) 19(10):2546–53. doi: 10.1111/jth. 15490 94. Gorog DA, Storey RF, Gurbel PA, Tantry US, Berger JS, Chan MY, et al. Current and novel biomarkers of thrombotic risk in COVID-19: a Consensus Statement from the International COVID-19 Thrombosis Biomarkers Colloquium. Nat Rev Cardiol. (2022) 13:1–21. doi: 10.1038/ s41569-021-00665-7 95. Lowe GD. Prediction of postoperative venous thrombosis using haemostasis tests. Int J Clin Lab Res. (1997) 27(3):153–7. doi: 10.1007/BF02912451 96. Emani S, Zurakowski D, Baird CW, Pigula FA, Trenor 3rd C, Emani SM. Hypercoagulability markers predict thrombosis in single ventricle neonates undergoing cardiac surgery. The Annals of thoracic surgery. (2013) 96(2):651–6. doi: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2013.04.061 97. Taura P, Rivas E, Martinez-Palli G, Blasi A, Holguera JC, Balust J, et al. Clinical markers of the hypercoagulable state by rotational Controlled Trial. Chest. (2022) 161(3):710–27. doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2021.09.024 102. Spyropoulos AC, Levy JH, Ageno W, Connors JM, Hunt BJ, Iba T, et al. Scientific and Standardization Committee communication: Clinical guidance on the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of venous thromboembolism in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. J Thromb Haemost. (2020) 18(8):1859–65. doi: 10.1111/jth.14929 103. Bradbury CA, McQuilten Z. Anticoagulation in COVID-19. Lancet. (2022) 399(10319):5–7. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02503-4 104. Hozayen SM, Zychowski D, Benson S, Lutsey PL, Haslbauer J, Tzankov A, et al. Outpatient and inpatient anticoagulation therapy and the risk for hospital admission and death among COVID-19 patients. EClinicalMedicine. (2021) 41:101139. doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.101139 105. Connors JM, Levy JH. Thromboinflammation and the hypercoagulability of COVID-19. J Thromb Haemost. (2020) 18(7):1559–61. doi: 10.1111/jth.14849 106. Bikdeli B, Madhavan MV, Jimenez D, Chuich T, Dreyfus I, Driggin E, et al. COVID-19 and Thrombotic or Thromboembolic Disease: Implications for Prevention, Antithrombotic Therapy, and Follow-Up: JACC State-of-theArt Review. J Am Coll Cardiol. (2020) 75(23):2950–73. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc. 2020.04.031 107. Cohoon KP, Mahé G, Tafur AJ, Spyropoulos AC. Emergence of institutional antithrombotic protocols for coronavirus 2019. Research and Practice in Thrombosis and Haemostasis. (2020) 4(4):510–7. doi: 10.1002/rth2.12358 108. Stillson JE, Bunch CM, Gillespie L, Khan R, Wierman M, Pulvirenti J, et al. Thromboelastography-Guided Management of Anticoagulated COVID-19 Patients to Prevent Hemorrhage. Semin Thromb Hemost. (2021) 47(4): 442–6. doi: 10.1055/s-0041-1723754 109. Ten Cate H. Surviving Covid-19 with Heparin? N Engl J Med. (2021) 385 (9):845–6. doi: 10.1056/NEJMe2111151 110. Sollini M, Ciccarelli M, Cecconi M, Aghemo A, Morelli P, Gelardi F, et al. Vasculitis changes in COVID-19 survivors with persistent symptoms: an [(18)F]FDG-PET/CT study. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. (2021) 48(5): 1460–6. doi: 10.1007/s00259-020-05084-3 111. Hartmann J, Walsh M, Grisoli A, Thomas AV, Shariff F, McCauley R, et al. Diagnosis and Treatment of Trauma-Induced Coagulopathy by Viscoelastography. Semin Thromb Hemost. (2020) 46(02):134–46. doi: 10. 1055/s-0040-1702171 112. Walsh M, Thomas S, Kwaan H, Aversa J, Anderson S, Sundararajan R, et al. Modern methods for monitoring hemorrhagic resuscitation in the United States: Why the delay? J Trauma Acute Care Surg. (2020) 89(6):1018–22. doi: 10.1097/TA.0000000000002977 113. Park MS, Martini WZ, Dubick MA, Salinas J, Butenas S, Kheirabadi BS, et al. Thromboelastography as a better indicator of postinjury hypercoagulable state than prothrombin time or activated partial thromboplastin time. J Trauma. (2009) 67(2):266–75; discussion 275-6. doi: 10.1097/TA.0b013e3181ae6f1c 114. Walsh M, Shreve J, Thomas S, Moore E, Moore H, Hake D, et al. Fibrinolysis in trauma:“myth,”“reality,” or “something in between”. Semin Thromb Hemost. (2017) 43(02):200–12. doi: 10.1055/s-0036-1597900 115. Moore HB, Moore EE, Neal MD, Sheppard FR, Kornblith LZ, Draxler DF, et al. Fibrinolysis Shutdown in Trauma: Historical Review and Clinical Implications. Anesth Analg. (2019) 129(3):762–73. doi: 10.1213/ANE. 0000000000004234 Frontiers in Surgery | www.frontiersin.org 20 2022 | Volume 9 | Article 889999 116. Stettler GR, M ore EE, Moore HB, Nunns GR, Sillim n CC, Banerjee A, et al. Redefining postinjury fibrinolysis phenotypes using two viscoelastic assays. Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery. (2019) 86(4):679–85. doi: 10.1097/TA.0000000000002165 117. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Omicron Variant: What You Need to Know CDC. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019ncov/variants/omicro -variant.html [updated March 29, 2022]. 118. Boscolo A, Spiezia L, Correale C, Sella N, Pesenti E, Be hetto L, et al. Different Hypercoagulable Profiles in Patients with COVID-19 Admitted to the Internal Medicine Ward and the Intensive Care Unit. Thromb Haemost. (2020) 120(10):1474–7. doi: 10.1055/s-0040-1714350 119. Pretorius E, Vlok M, Venter C, Bezuid nhout JA, Laubscher GJ, Steenkamp J, et al. Persistent clotting protein pathology in Long COVID/Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) is accompanied by increased levels of antiplasmin. Cardiovasc Diabetol. (2021) 20(1):172. doi: 10.1186/s12933021-01359-7 120. Sc tt L, Hsiao NY, Moyo S, Singh L, Tegally H, Dor G, et al. Track Omicron’s spread with molecular data. Science. (2021) 374(6574):1454–5. doi: 10.1126/scienc . bn4543 121. Wolter N, Jassat W, Walaza S, Welch R, Moultrie H, Groome M, t al. Early assessment of the clinical severity of the SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant in South Africa: a data linkage study. Lancet. (2022) 399(10323):437–46. doi: 10.1016/ 0140-6736(22)00017-4 122. Accorsi EK, Britton A, Fleming-Dutra KE, Smith ZR, Shang N, Derado G, et al. Association Between 3 Doses of mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine and Symptomatic Infection Caused by the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron and Delta Variants. JAMA. (2022) 327(7):639–51. doi: 10.1001/jama.2022.0470 123. Brown WA, Moore EM, Watters DA. Mortality of patients with COVID-19 who undergo an elective or emergency surgical procedure: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ANZ J Surg. (2021) 91(1–2):33–41. doi: 10.1111/ans.16500 124. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. COVID-19 FAQs for obstetricians-gynecologists, gynecology. Washington, DC: ACOG (2021). Available from: https://www.acog.org/clinical-information/physician-faqs/ covid19-faqs-for-ob-gyns-gynecology [updated August 09, 2021]. 125. Joint Statement on Re-introduction of Hospital and Office-based Procedures for the Practicing Urogynecologist and Gynecologist. J Minim Invasive Gynecol. (2020) 27(5):1030–2. doi: 10.1016/j.jmig.2020.05.019 126. Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. Coronavirus (COVID19) Infection in Pregnancy. London: RCOG (2021). 127. Lott A, Urish KL. Recommendations Regarding Safety of Elective Surgery During COVID-19 Pandemic. Rosemont, IL: AAOS (2020). Available at: https://www.aaos.org/about/covid-19-information-for-our-members/guidan ce-for-elective-surgery/recommendations-regarding-safety-of-elective-surge ry-during-covid-19/. 128. Naam NM. Message from the AAHS President: Nash Naam, MD. Beverly, MA: American Association for Hand Surgery (2020). 129. AAHKS. CMS Provides Regional Guidance on Reopening. Rosemont, IL: American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons (2020). 130. Surgeons ACo. Local Resumption of Elective Surgery Guidance. Chicago, IL: American College of Surgeons (2020). 131. Kort NP, Barrena EG, Bédard M, Donell S, Epinette JA, Gomberg B, et al. Resuming elective hip and knee arthroplasty after the first phase of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: the European Hip Society and European Knee Associates recommendations. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. (2020) 28(9):2730–46. doi: 10.1007/s00167-020-06233-9 132. Executive Council of ASMBS. Safer through surgery: American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery statement regarding metabolic and bariatric surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic. Surg Obes Relat Dis. (2020) 16(8):981–2. doi: 10.1016/j.soard.2020.06.003 133. American Society of General Surgeons. ASGS COVID-19 Position Statement. Mendota Heights, MN: ASGS (2020). 134. American College of Surgeons. COVID-19: Guidance for Triage of NonEmergent Surgical Procedures. Available at: https://www.facs.org/covid-19/ clinical-guidance/triage [updated March 17, 2020]. 135. American College of Surgeons. COVID 19: Elective Case Triage Guidelines for Surgical Care. Available at: https://www.facs.org/-/media/files/covid19/ guidance_for_triage_of_nonemergent_surgical_procedures.ashx (accessed January 14, 2020) 136. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Non-Emergent, Elective Medical Services, and Treatment Recommendations. Available at: https://www.cms. gov/files/document/cms-non-emergent-elective-medical-recommendations. pdf [updated April 7, 2020]. 137. American Society of Transplant Surgeons. Transplant Capacity in the COVID-19 Era and Early Vaccine Recommendations. Arlington, VA: ASTS (2020). Available at: https://asts.org/advocacy/covid-19-resources/astscovid-19-strike-force/transplant-capacity-in-the-covid-19-era#.YdiiqBNuc-S [updated December 03, 2020]. 138. Society of American Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Surgeons. SAGES recommendations regarding surgical management of gastric cancer patients during the response to the COVID-19 crisis Los Angeles. CA: SAGES (2020). Available at: https://www.sages.org/sages-recommendationssurgical-management-gastric-cancer-covid-19-crisis/ [updated April 11, 2020]. 139. European Association of Neurosurgical Societies. EANS advice: Triaging non-emergent neurosurgical procedures during the COVID-19 outbreak. EANS (2020). 140. Hassan A, Arora RC, Lother SA, Adams C, Bouchard D, Cook R, et al. Ramping Up the Delivery of Cardiac Surgery During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Guidance Statement From the Canadian Society of Cardiac Surgeons. Can J Cardiol. (2020) 36(7):1139–43. doi: 10.1016/j.cjca.2020.04. 030 141. Haft JW, Atluri P, Ailawadi G, Engelman DT, Grant MC, Hassan A, et al. Adult Cardiac Surgery During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Tiered Patient Triage Guidance Statement. The Annals of thoracic surgery. (2020) 110 (2):697–700. doi: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2020.04.003 142. SVS Clinical Practice Council. Vascular Surgery Triage Guidelines. Rosemont, IL: SVS (2020). 143. Jongkind V, Earnshaw JJ, Bastos Gonçalves F, Cochennec F, Debus ES, Hinchliffe R, et al. Update of the European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS) 2020 Clinical Practice Guidelines on the Management of Acute Limb Ischaemia in Light of the COVID-19 Pandemic, Based on a Scoping Review of the Literature. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. (2022) 63(1):80–9. doi: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2021.08.028 144. American Society of Plastic Surgeons. Important Update to Considerations for the Continuation or Resumption of Elective Surgery. Available at: https://www.plasticsurgery.org/for-medical-professionals/ covid19-member-resourc es/resumption-of-elective-surgery (accessed February 3, 2022). 145. Bates SM, Greer IA, Middeldorp S, Veenstra DL, Prabulos A-M, Vandvik PO. VTE, thrombophilia, antithrombotic therapy, and pregnancy: antithrombotic therapy and prevention of thrombosis: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines. Chest. (2012) 141(2):e691S–36S. doi: 10.1378/chest.11-2300 146. Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. Reducing the risk of venous thromboembolism during pregnancy and the puerperium. Green Top Guideline. (2015), no. 37a. 147. Dargaud Y, Rugeri L, Vergnes MC, Arnuti B, Miranda P, Negrier C, et al. A risk score for the management of pregnant women with increased risk of venous thromboembolism: a multicentre prospective study. Br J Haematol. (2009) 145(6):825–35. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2009.07698.x 148. Danilenko-Dixon DR, Heit JA, Silverstein MD, Yawn BP, Petterson TM, Lohse CM, et al. Risk factors for deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism during pregnancy or post partum: a population-based, casecontrol study. Am J Obstet Gynecol. (2001) 184(2):104–10. doi: 10.1067/ mob.2001.107919 149. Ettema HB, Kollen BJ, Verheyen CC, Büller HR. Prevention of venous thromboembolism in patients with immobilization of the lower extremities: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Thromb Haemost. (2008) 6(7):1093–8. doi: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2008.02984.x 150. Jacobsen AF, Skjeldestad FE, Sandset PM. Ante- and postnatal risk factors of venous thrombosis: a hospital-based case-control study. J Thromb Haemost. (2008) 6(6):905–12. doi: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2008.02961.x 151. James AH, Jamison MG, Brancazio LR, Myers ER. Venous thromboembolism during pregnancy and the postpartum period: incidence, risk factors, and mortality. Am J Obstet Gynecol. (2006) 194(5): 1311–5. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2005.11.008 Bunch et al. COVID-19 Immuno-Thrombosis and Surgery Frontiers in Surgery | www.frontiersin.org 21 2022 | Volume 9 | Article 889999 Complications and Neurological Manifestations. Cells. (2021) 10(2):386. doi: 10.3390/cells10020386. 92. Peluso MJ, Lu S, Tang AF, Durstenfeld MS, Ho HE, Goldberg SA, et al. Markers of Immune Activation and Inflammation in Individuals With Post cute Sequelae of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection. J Infect Dis. (2021) 224(11):1839–48. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiab490 93. Fogarty H, Townsend L, Morrin H, Ahmad A, Comerford C, Karampini E, et al. Persistent endotheliopathy in the pathogenesis of long COVID synd ome. J Thromb H emost. (2021) 19(10):2546–53. doi: 10.1111/jth. 15490 94. Gorog DA, Storey RF, Gurbel PA, Tantry US, Berger JS, Chan MY, et al. Curre t and novel biomarkers of thrombotic risk in COVID-19: Consensus Statement from the International COVID-19 Thrombosis Biomarkers Colloquium. Nat Rev Cardiol. (2022) 13:1–21. doi: 10.1038/ s4 569- 21-00665-7 95. Lowe GD. Prediction of postoperative venous thrombosis using haemosta is tests. Int J Clin Lab Res. (1997) 27(3):153–7. doi: 10.1007/BF02912451 96. Emani S, Zurakowski D, aird CW, Pigula FA, Trenor 3rd C, Emani SM. Hypercoagulability markers predict thrombosis in single ventricle neo ates undergoing cardiac surgery. The A nals of thoracic surgery. (2013) 96(2):651–6. do : 10.1016/j.athorac ur.2013.04.061 97. Taura P, Rivas E, Martinez-Palli G, Blasi A, Holgue a JC, Balust J, et l. Clinical markers of the hype coagulable state by rotational Vasculitis changes in COVID- 9 survivors with persistent symptoms: an [(18)F]FDG-PET/CT study. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. (2021) 48(5): 1460–6. doi: 10.1007/s00259-020-05084-3 111. Hartmann J, Wals M, Grisol A, Thomas AV, Shariff F, McCauley R, t al. Diagnosis and Treatment of Tr uma-Induced Coagulopathy by Viscoela tography. Semin Thromb Hemost. (2020) 46(02):134–46. doi: 10. 1055/s-0040-1702171 112. Walsh M, Thomas S, Kwaan H, Aversa J, Anderson S, Sundararajan R, et al. Modern methods for monitoring hemorrhagic resuscitation in the United States: Why th delay? J Trauma Acute Care Surg. (2020) 89(6):1018–22. doi: 10.1097/TA.0000000000002977 113. Park MS, Marti i WZ, Dubick MA, Sal nas J, Butenas S, Kheirabadi BS, et al. Thromboelastography as a better indicator of postinjury hypercoagulable state than prothrombin time or activated partial thromboplastin time. J Trau a. (2009) 67(2):266–75; discussio 275-6. doi: 10.1097/TA.0b013e3181ae6f1c 114. Walsh M, Shreve J, Thomas S, Moore E, Moore H, Hake D, et al. Fibrinolysis in trauma:“myth,”“reality,” or “something in between”. Semin Thromb Hemost. (2017) 43(02):200–12. doi: 10.1055/s-0036-1597900 1 5. Moore HB, Moore EE, Neal MD, Sheppard FR, Kornblith LZ, Draxler DF, et al. Fibrinolysis Shutdown in Trauma: Historical Review and Clinical Implicati n . Anesth Analg. 19 129(3):762–73. doi: 10.1213/ANE. 0000000000004234 Frontiers in Surgery | www.frontiersin.org 20 2022 | Volume 9 | Article 889999 116. Stettler GR, Moore EE, Moore HB, Nun s GR, Silliman CC, Banerjee A, et al. Redefining postinjury fibrinolysis phen types using two viscoelastic assays. J urnal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery. (2019) 86(4):679–85. doi: 10.1097/TA.0000000000002165 117. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Omicron Variant: What You Need to Know CDC. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/coron virus/2019ncov/variants/omicron-variant.html [updated March 29, 2022]. 118. Boscolo A, Spiezia L, Correale C, Sel a N, Pesenti E, Beghetto L, et al. Different Hypercoagulable Profiles in Patients with COVID-19 Admitted to he I ternal Medicine Ward and the Intensive Care Unit. Thromb H emost. (2020) 120(10):1474–7. doi: 10.1055/s-0040-1714350 119. Pret rius E, Vlok M, Ve ter C, Bezuidenhout JA, Laubscher GJ, Steenkamp J, et al. Persistent clotting protein pathology in Long COVID/Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) is accompanied by incre sed levels of antiplas in. Cardi vasc Diabetol. (2021) 20(1):172. do : 10.1186/s12933021-01359-7 120. Scott L, Hsiao NY, Moyo S, Singh L, Tegally H, Dor G, et al. Track Omicron’s spread with mole ular dat . Science. (2021) 374(6574):1454–5. doi: 10.1126/science.abn4543 121. Wolter N, J ssat W, Walaz S, Welc R, Moultrie H, G oome M, et al. Early 136. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Non-Emergent, Elective Medical Services, and Treatment Recommendations. Available at: https://www.cms. gov/files/document/cms-non-emergent-elective-medical-recommendations. pdf [updated April 7, 2020]. 137. American Society of Transplant Surgeons. Transplant Capacity in the COVID-19 Era and Early Vaccine Recommendations. Arlington, VA: ASTS (2020). Available at: https://asts.org/advocacy/covid-19-resources/astscovid-19-strike-force/transplant-capacity-in-the-covid-19-era#.YdiiqBNuc-S [updated December 03, 2020]. 138. Society of American Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Surgeons. SAGES recommendations regarding surgical management of gastric cancer patients during the response to the COVID-19 crisis Los Angeles. CA: SAGES (2020). Available at: https://www.sages.org/sages-recommendationssurgical-management-gastric-cancer-covid-19-crisis/ [updated April 11, 2020]. 139. European Association of Neurosurgical Societies. EANS advice: Triaging non-emergent neurosurgical procedures during the COVID-19 outbreak. EANS (2020). 140. Hassan A, Arora RC, Lother SA, Adams C, Bouchard D, Cook R, et al. Ramping Up the Delivery of Cardiac Surgery During the COVID-19 Bunch et al. COVID-19 Immuno-Thrombosis and Surgery Differen Hypercoagulable Profiles in Patients with COVID-19 Admitted to the Internal Medicine Ward and the I tensive Care Unit. Thromb Haemost. (2020) 20(1 ):1474–7. doi: 10.1055/s-0040-1714350 1 9. Pretorius E, Vlok M, Venter C, Bezuidenhout JA, Laubscher GJ, Steenkamp J, et al. Persistent clotting protein pathology i Long COVID/Pos -Acute Sequ lae of COVID-19 (PASC) is acc mpanied by increased levels of antiplasmin. Cardiovasc Diabetol. (2021) 20(1):172. doi: 0 1186/s12933021-01359-7 120. Scott L, Hsiao NY, Moyo S, Singh L Tegally H, Dor G, et al. Track Omicron’s s read with molec lar da a. Science. (2021) 374(6574): 454 5. doi: 10.1 26/science.abn4543 12 . Wolter N, Jassa W, alaza S, Welch R, Moultrie H, Groome M, et al. Early assessment of th clinical severity of the SARS-CoV-2 omic n variant in South Africa: a da linkage study. Lancet. (2022) 399(1 323):437– 6. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(22)00017-4 122. Accorsi EK, Britton A, Flem ng-Dutra KE, S ith ZR, Shang N, Derado G, et a . Ass ciation Between 3 Doses f mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine and Sympt matic Infection Caused by the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron a d Delta Variants. JAMA. (2022) 327 7):639–5 . doi: 10.10 1/jama.2022.047 123. Brown WA, Mo re EM, W tters DA. M rtality of patients w t COVID-19 who undergo an elective r emergency surgical procedure: ystematic review and meta-an lysis. ANZ J Surg. (2021) 91(1–2):33–4 . doi: 10 1 1 /ans.16500 124. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. COVID-19 FAQs for obste ricians-gynecologists, gyn cology. Washington, DC: A OG (2021). Av ilable from: https://www.aco . rg/clinical-information/physic an-faqs/ covid19-faqs-for- b-gyns-gynecology [upd t d August 09, 2021]. 125. Joint Statement on Re-introduction of Hospit l a d Office-based Procedures for th Practic ng Urogynecologist and Gynecologist. J Mi im Invasive Gyn col. (2020) 27(5):1030–2. do : 10.1016 j.jmig 2020.05.019 126. Roy l College f Obstetricians and Gynaecolog sts. Coronavirus (COVID19) Infection in Pregnancy. London: RCOG (2021). 127. Lott A, Urish KL. Recommendations Reg rding Safety of Elective Surgery During COVID-19 Pandem c. Rosemont, IL: AAOS (2020). Available at: https://www.aaos.org/about/covid-19- nformatio for-our-members/guidan ce-for-elective-surgery/r commendations-regarding-safety-of-elective-surge ry-during-cov d-19/. 128. Naam N . Message from the AAHS Preside t: Nash Naam, MD. Beverly, MA: Amer can As oci tion for Hand Surgery 2020). 129. AAHKS. CMS Provides Regional Guidance on Reopening. Rosemont, IL: American A sociation of Hip and Knee Surgeons (2020). 130. Surgeons ACo. Local Resu ption of Elective Surgery Guidance. Ch c go, IL: American Colleg f Surgeons (2020). 131. Kort NP, Barrena EG, Bédard M, D nell S, Epin tt JA, Gomberg B, et l. Re uming e ective hip and kn e arthroplasty after the first phase of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: the European Hip Society and European Knee Associates recommendations. Knee Su g Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. (2020) 28(9):2730–46. doi: 10.1007/s00167-020-06233-9 132. Executive Council of ASMBS. Safer thr ugh surgery: American So iety for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery statement regarding metabolic and bariatric surgery during the COVID- 9 pandemic. Surg Obes Relat Dis. (2020) 16(8):981–2. doi: 10.1016/j.soard.2020.06.003 133. American Soci ty of General Surgeons. ASGS COVID-19 Position Statement. Mendota Heights, MN: ASGS (2020). 134. American Col ege of Surgeons. COVID-19: Guidance for Triage of NonEmergent Sur ical Pr cedures. Available at: ttps://www.facs.org/covid-19/ clinical-guidance/triage [updated March 17, 2020]. 135. American College f Surgeons. COVID 19: El ctive Case Triage Guidelines for Surgical Care. Available at: https://www.f cs.org/-/m di /files/c vi 19/ guidance_for_ riage_of_no mergen _surgical_pr cedures.ashx (accessed January 14, 2020) [updated December 03, 2020]. 138. Society of American Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Surgeons. SAGES recommendations regarding surgical management of gastric cancer patients during the response to the COVID-19 crisis Los Angeles. CA: SAGES (2020). Available at: https://www.sages.org/sages-recommendationssurgical-management-gastric-cancer-covid-19-crisis/ [updated April 11, 2020]. 139. European Association of Neurosurgical Societies. EANS advice: Triaging non-emergent neurosurgical procedures during the COVID-19 outbreak. EANS (2020). 140. Hassan A, Arora RC, Lother SA, Adams C, Bouchard D, Cook R, et al. Ramping Up the Delivery of Cardiac Surgery During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Guidance Statement From the Canadian Society of Cardiac Surgeons. Can J Cardiol. (2020) 36(7):1139–43. doi: 10.1016/j.cjca.2020.04. 030 141. Haft JW, Atluri P, Ailawadi G, Engelman DT, Grant MC, Hassan A, et al. Adult Cardiac Surgery During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Tiered Patient Triage Guidance Statement. The Annals of thoracic surgery. (2020) 110 (2):697–700. doi: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2020.04.003 142. SVS Clinical Practice Council. Vascular Surgery Triage Guidelines. Rosemont, IL: SVS (2020). 143. Jongkind V, Earnshaw JJ, Bastos Gonçalves F, Cochennec F, Debus ES, Hinchliffe R, et al. Update of the European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS) 2020 Clinical Practice Guidelin on the Managem n of Acute Limb Isch emia in Light of the COVID-19 Pandemic, Based on a Scoping Review of the Literature. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. (2022) 63(1):80–9. doi: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2021.08. 28 144. American i t of Plastic Surgeons. Important Update o Considerations for the Continu tio or Resu ption f Elective Surgery. Available at: https://www. lasticsurgery.org/for-medical-profession ls/ covid19-memb r-resou c es/resump io -of- lective-surgery (accessed Febru ry 3, 2022). 145. Bates SM, Greer IA, Middeldo p S, Veenstra DL, Prabulos A-M, Vandvik PO. VTE, hrombophilia, antithro botic therapy, and pregn ncy: antithrombotic therapy and prevention of thrombosis: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical P actic Guidelin s. Chest. (2012) 141(2):e691S–36S. doi: 10.1378/chest.11-2300 146. Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. Reducing the risk of venous thromb emb lism during pregnancy and the puerper um. Gree Top Guideline. (2015), no. 37a. 147. Dargaud Y, Rugeri L, Vergnes MC, Arnuti B, Miranda P, Negrier C, et al. A risk core for the management of pregnant women with increased risk of venous thrombo mbo sm: a mult centre prospect ve study. Br J Haematol. (2009) 145(6):825–35. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2009.07698.x 148. Danil nko-Dixon DR, Heit JA, Silverstein MD, Yawn BP, Petterson TM, Lohse CM, et al. Risk factors for deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism during pregnancy or post p rtum: a population-based, casecontrol stu y. Am J Obstet Gynecol. (2001) 184(2):104–10. doi: 10.1067/ mob.2001.107919 149. Ettema HB, K llen BJ, Verheyen CC, Büller HR. Prevention of venous thromboembo ism in patients with immobilization of the lower extre ities: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Thromb Haemost. (2008) 6(7):1093–8. doi: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2008.02984.x 150. Jacobsen AF, Skjeldestad FE, Sands t PM. Ante- and postnatal risk facto s of venous thrombosis: a hospital-based case-control study. J Thromb Haemost. (2008) 6(6):905–12. doi: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2008.02961.x 151. James AH, Jamison MG, Bran azio LR, Myers ER. Venous thromboembolism during pregnancy and the postpartum period: incid n e, risk factors, and mortality. Am J Obstet Gynecol. (2006) 194(5): 1311–5. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2005.11.008 Frontiers in Surgery | www.frontiersin.org 21 2022 | Volume 9 | Article 889999 152. Lindqvist P, Dahlbäck B, Marŝál K. Thrombotic risk dur ng egnancy: a population study. Obstet Gyn col. (1999) 94(4):595–9. doi: 10.1016/s00297844(99)00 08-7 153. M cklon NS, Greer IA. Venous thromboembolic dise se in obst trics and gynaecology: t e Scottish experience. Sc t Med J. (1996) 41(3):83–6. doi: 10.1177/003693309604100305 154. Simpson EL, Lawrenson RA, Nightingale AL, Farmer RD. Venou thromboembolism in pregnancy and the puerperium: incidence and additional risk factor from a London p rinatal database. Bjog. (2001) 108(1):56–60. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2001.00004.x 155. Bl ndon M, P rrier A, Nendaz M, Righini M, Boehlen F, Boulvain M, et al. Thromboprophylaxis with low-molecular-weight heparin aft cesarean delivery. Thr mb Haemost. (2010) 103(1):129–37. doi: 10.1160/TH09-06-0349 156. Kobaya hi T, Nakabayashi M, Ishikawa M, Adachi T, Kobashi G, Maeda M, et l. Pulmonary thromboembolism in obstetrics and gynecology increased by 6.5-fold over the past decade in Japan. Circ J. (2008) 72(5):753–6. doi: 10. 1253/circj.72.753 157. Liew-Spilger AE, Sorg NR, Brenner TJ, Langford JH, Berquist M, Mark NM, et al. Viscoelastic Hemostatic Assays for Postpartum Hemorrhage. J Clin Med. ( 2 ) 10( 7):3946. doi: 10.3390/jcm10173946 158. Seeho S, Nassar N. Thromboprophylaxis aft caesarean: whe even the ‘experts’ disagree. BJOG. (2016) 123(13):2163. doi: 10.1111/1471-0528.13740 159. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. ACOG Practice Bull tin No. 196: Thromboembolism in Pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. (2018) 132(1): 1–17. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000002712 160. Overca h RT, Somers AT, LaCoursiere DY. Enoxaparin dosing after cesarean delivery in morbidly obese women. Obstet Gynecol. (2015) 125(6):1371–6. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000000873 161. He Z, M rrissey H, Ball P. Review of current evidence available for guiding optimal Enoxaparin prophylactic dosing strategie in obese patients—actual weight-based vs fixed. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. (2017) 113:191–4. doi: 10. 1016/j.critrevonc.2017.03.022 162. Hagopian JC, Riney JN, Hollands JM, Deal EN. Assessment of bleeding events associated with short-duration therapeutic enoxaparin use in the morbidly obese. Ann Pharmacother. (2013) 47(12):1641–8. doi: 10.1177/ 1060028013506404 163. Bates SM, Middeldorp S, Rodger M, James AH, Greer I. Guidance for the treatment and prevention of obstetric-associated venous thromboembolism. J Thromb Thrombolysis. (2016) 41(1):92–128. doi: 10.1007/ s11239-015-1309-0 164. Jering KS, Claggett BL, Cunningham JW, Rosenthal N, Vardeny O, Greene MF, et al. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of hospitalized women giving birth with and without COVID-19. JAMA Intern Med. (2021) 181 (5):714–7. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.9241 165. Metz TD, Clifton RG, Hughes BL, Sandoval G, Saade GR, Grobman WA, et al. Disease severity and perinatal outcomes of pregnant patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Obstet Gynecol. (2021) 137(4):571. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000004339 166. Servante J, Swallow G, Thornton JG, Myers B, Munireddy S, Malinowski AK, et al. Haemostatic and thrombo-embolic complications in pregnant women with COVID-19: a systematic review and critical analysis. BMC 171. 172. 173. 174. 175. 176. 177. 178. 179. 180. 181. 182. 183. 184. 185. Bunch et al.

RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MTExMDc1